The rise of Unix

The rise of Unix
At this point in the outskirts of the state of New Jersey, another mysterious power of positive social invasion Hacker, finally swept through the PDP-10 tradition. It was born in 1969, which is the establishment of the ARPANET year, are in AT & T Bell Labs young man Ken Thompson invented Unix.
Thomspon had been involved in the development of Multics, Multics operating system is derived from the ITS, is used to do at that time some of the new OS theory, such as the operating system more complex internal structure hidden, to provide a interface, so that the programmer can not In-depth understanding of the operating system and hardware equipment, can quickly develop programs.
※ Translation: At the time programmer to write a program to be a thorough understanding of the internal operating system or hardware. For instance, the IO program was written for the hard disk speed, magnetic heads and the number of tracks, etc. must be engaged in very well才行.
Found in the continued development of Multics do white working hours, Bell Labs quickly withdrew from the (later Honeywell is a company selling Multics, the Hencan compensable).
Ken Thompson liked the Multics operating environment, and he in the laboratory, one Taiwan scrapped the DEC PDP-7 on the casually wrote an operating system, the Department of
EC design copied from the Multics also has his own ideas. He will be the operating system called Unix, used irony Multics.
※ Translation: In fact, is Ken Thompson wrote a game `Star Travel 'no go areas, the scrap to find a machine PDP-7 play. Brian Kernighan ridiculed his colleagues Ken Thompson said: "You write the system's good, oh, simply called Unics out." (Unics the English pronunciation and eunuchs eunuches like), later changed to Unix.
His colleagues Dennis Ritchie, invented a new programming language C, and he and Thompson with C compilation of the original language used to write the Unix rewrite it. C is to use the design principles, freedom and flexibility, C and Unix soon be welcome at Bell Labs. Thompson and Ritchie in 1971 to win an office automation system of ad hoc, Unix started in Bell Labs in the epidemic. But Thompson and Ritchie's ambition is also more than that.
At that time, the traditional, with an operating system must be completely written in assembly language, before machines can play a maximum performance. Thompson and Ritchie, the first few understand the hardware and compiler technology, has been progress to the operating system can be fully used high-level language such as C to write and still maintain good performance. After five years, Unix has been successfully transplanted to a number of machines.
※ Translation: Ken Thompson and Dennis Ritchie is the only two access Turing Award (the Nobel Prize of computer industry), engineers (Other scholars are).
This was an incredible! It means that if the various Unix platforms can run it, Unix software can be transplanted to various machines. No longer use the machines for specific software written to run on Unix, the most important and reinvent the wheel has become a past tense.
In addition to the benefits of cross-platform, Unix and C there are still many significant advantages. Unix and C's design philosophy is to Keep It Simple, Stupid '. programmer can easily grasp the logic of the entire C (unlike other before or after the programming language) and do not have to write programs Yitiandaowan over manual. Unix and provides many useful gadget program, through the appropriate mix (or Shell script written in Perl script), can play a powerful force.
※ Note: The C Programming Language is all the programming languages of the thinnest one, only more than 200 pages, oh. The author is Brian Kernighan and Dennis Ritchie, so this C-language Bible, also known as the `K & R '.
※ Note: `Keep It Simple, Stupid 'as KISS, today Unix has not follow this principle, almost all Unix to irrigation are not a bunch of some of the utilities, with the exception of MINIX.
C and Unix application of broad scope, beyond the original expectation of the designers, many areas of research to use the computer, they are the best partners. Despite the lack of a formal institutional support, they are still within the AT & T in the spread of mad. By 1980, has spread to universities and research institutions, there are thousands of hacker trying to Unix installed in the home machine.
At that time the main run Unix machines are PDP-11, VAX line of machines. However, because of the high UNIX transplanted, it can be installed in almost all the models on the computer. Once the new machines installed on the UNIX, the C-source software grasping to re-build on all the OK, who use assembly language to develop software » A set of UNIX designed specifically for the network - UUCP: a low-speed, but the cost is very low instability of the network. Two UNIX machines using telephone lines connecting them, you can use e-mail to each other. UUCP is built into the UNIX system, do not have to install the. So even a proprietary UNIX platform of a network to form its Hacker culture. In 1980 the first after the establishment of USENET site, formed a major issue of the Bulletin distributed systems, the number of people attracted quickly than the ARPANET.
UNIX is a small number of sites connected to the ARPANET. PDP-10 with the UNIX Hacker cultural exchanges began, but a less happy start to critize. PDP-10's UNIX Hacker feel that the fans are also do not know what the novice, compared with their magnificent complex that is the LISP爱不释手with ITS, C and UNIX is simply the original is funny. 'Wear skins with a group of stone axes barbarians' in their Gunong.
In that time, another popular new trend to another. The first PC in 1975; Apple Computer in 1977 set up to the speed of fast growth. Microcomputer potential, immediately attracted another group of young Hackers. Their favorite programming language is BASIC, because it is too simple, PDP-10 and send the Sizhong UNIX fans fundamental disdain to use it, use it to look down on people.
※ Translation: Hacker in this group we must have an understanding that his name is Bill Gates, he is the first in 8080 on the development of the BASIC compiler.